One of the ways that people in these regions earn a living is through Kolberi, the local language. This situation culminated in unemployment in these regions, which was followed by social and economic crises, which also caused migration to other developed areas of the country, rising divorce cases, poverty, the class gap, smuggling, and false employment (Kolberi). These negative consequences have, since then, caused underdevelopment in these regions. Also, damages caused by the Iraq-Iran war and the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq back in 2003 led to the insecurity of border areas in these provinces, resulting in the loss of local investment and non-investment at local, national, and international levels. The western provinces of Iran (West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and Ilam), which share borders with Iraq, have always been places of conflict and bloody wars, causing destruction and disruption of existing infrastructure. Measures such as training occupational skills for women and providing employment conditions for them, increasing social, financial, and mental support for women without guardians, creating border markets, and expanding women's handicrafts can help prevent female Kolberi. FindingsĪnalysis of the data led to 143 initial codes, 31 subcategories, and 9 main categories: Causal condition (individual characteristics and economic factors) predisposing conditions (social and cultural factors, familial factors) intervening conditions (advantages and characteristics of Kolberi) strategies (strengthening compatibility with Kolberi) and consequences (individual problems, social problems and positive consequences). The Guba and Lincoln criteria were also met to increase the trustworthiness of the results. The data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method and MAXQDA-20018 software. The process of data collection and analysis took 10 months, from April to December 2022. To achieve several participants, purposive, snowball, and theoretical sampling methods were used, while face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. The present research uses the grounded theory approach to investigate 28 female Kurdish Kolbers. Since no study has ever been undertaken to deal with this participant, the present research aims to identify the causes and consequences of Kolberi among Kurdish women in Iran. Thus, it is imperative to identify these causes and problems. Women turn to Kolberi for various reasons, which cause numerous challenges for them.
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